Consensus: New methodologies for brain stimulation

Huang, Ying-Zu; Sommer, Martin; Thickbroom, Gary; Hamada, Masashi; Pascual-Leonne, Alvero; Paulus, Walter; Classen, Joseph; Peterchev, Angel V.; Zangen, Abraham; Ugawa, Yoshikazu

doi:10.1016/j.brs.2008.09.007

« Previous Next »BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation
Volume 2, Issue 1 , Pages 2-13, January 2009

Consensus: New methodologies for brain stimulation

Ying-Zu Huang, MD
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
Martin Sommer, MD
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
Gary Thickbroom, PhD
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological disorders, University of Western Australia, Adelaide, Australia
Masashi Hamada, MD
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Alvero Pascual-Leonne, MD, PhD
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachesetts
Walter Paulus, MD
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
Joseph Classen, MD
- Department Neurology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
Angel V. Peterchev, MD
- Division of Brain Stimulation and Therapeutic Modulation, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York
Abraham Zangen, MD
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
Yoshikazu Ugawa, MD, PhD
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Correspondence: Dr Yoshikazu Ugawa, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 965-1295, Japan.

Received 14 June 2008; received in revised form 10 September 2008; accepted 15 September 2008. published online 06 October 2008.

We briefly summarized several new stimulation techniques. There are many new methods of human brain stimulation, including modification of already known methods and brand-new methods. In this article, we focused on theta burst stimulation (TBS), repetitive monophasic pulse stimulation, paired- and quadri-pulse stimulation, transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), paired associative stimulation, controllable pulse shape TMS (cTMS), and deep-brain TMS. For every method, we summarized the state of the art and discussed issues that remain to be addressed.

Keywords: transcranial magnetic stimulation, alternating current stimulation, monophasic and biphasic pulses, paired and quadri-pulse stimulation, theta burst stimulation