BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation
Volume 2, Issue 3 , Pages 168-173 , July 2009

Sham transcranial magnetic stimulation using electrical stimulation of the scalp

  • Mark S. Mennemeier, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence: Mark Mennemeier, PhD, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, #826, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199.
    • ,
  • William J. Triggs, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
    • ,
  • Kenneth C. Chelette, MS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
    • ,
  • A.J. Woods, MS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
    • ,
  • Timothy A. Kimbrell, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Mental Health Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System (CAVHS), North Little Rock, Arkansas
    • ,
  • John L. Dornhoffer, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
    • Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas

Received 10 December 2008 ,Revised 5 February 2009 ,Accepted 5 February 2009.

References 

  1. Hoffman RE, Cavus I. Slow transcranial magnetic stimulation, long-term depotentiation, and brain hyperexcitability disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159:1093–1102
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  3. Kleinjung T, Eichhammer P, Langguth B, et al. Long-term effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in patients with chronic tinnitus. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;132:566–569
  4. Bohning DE. Introduction and overview of TMS physics. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 2000;
  5. Chen R, Classen J, Gerloff C, et al. Depression of motor cortex excitability by low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neurology. 1997;48:1398–1403
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  8. Sommer J, Jansen A, Drager B, et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation—a sandwich coil design for a better sham. Clin Neurophysiol. 2006;117:440–446
  9. Roth HL, Nadeau SE, Triggs WJ. Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on rate of memory acquisition. Neurology. 2004;63:1530–1531
  10. Okabe S, Ugawa Y, Kanazawa I. 0.2-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has no add-on effects as compared to a realistic sham stimulation in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2003;18:382–388
  11. Rossi S, Ferro M, Cincotta M, et al. A real electro-magnetic placebo (REMP) device for sham transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Clin Neurophysiol. 2007;118:709–716
  12. Lockwood AH, Salvi RJ, Burkard RF. Tinnitus. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:904–910
  13. Wassermann EM. Risk and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: report and suggested guidelines from the International Workshop on the Safety of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, June 5-7, 1996. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1998;108:1–16
  14. O'Reardon JP, Solvason HB, Janicak PG, et al. Efficacy and safety of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the acute treatment of major depression: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Biological Psychiatry. 2007;62:1208–1216

 This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Center for Research Resources Centers of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) Grant number RR20146, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NS39348, and National Institute of Child Health and Human Development HD040631, HD055269; and by a Tinnitus Research Consortium Grant-in-Aid An abstract of this study was presented at the third International Conference on TMS and tDCS, October 1-4, Gottingen, Germany.

PII: S1935-861X(09)00010-2

doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2009.02.002

BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation
Volume 2, Issue 3 , Pages 168-173 , July 2009

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