Introduction: Paired associative stimulation (PAS) is a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
paradigm that assesses neuroplasticity in the human cortex. PAS consists of pairing
peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) with a subsequent TMS repeatedly over the primary
motor cortex (M1). To date, PAS is known to be among the most robust methods to induce
neuroplasticity in the cerebral cortex. However, inter-individual variabilities in
PAS response are well known. This review aims to systematically synthesize the literature
on PAS parameters and confounding factors that have significant influences in the
induction of neuroplasticity.
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© 2017 Published by Elsevier Inc.
