Introduction: The frontline treatment for ADHD is psycho-stimulants, but these are not effective
in ∼30% of patients, have side effects and limited long-term efficacy. An alternative
treatment might be transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), which can lead
to long-lasting gains in the function of targeted brain regions by potentiating neural
plasticity; underpinned by dopamine and noradrenaline release, which is dysfunctional
in ADHD. In ADHD, several small studies showed improved clinical and/or cognitive
measures of inattention and inhibition with anodal-tDCS. However, these mainly targeted
the dorsolateral prefrontal regions with single session stimulation. The right inferior
frontal cortex (rIFC) might be a more optimal target since it is a hub for self-control
and attention that is consistently underactive in ADHD and upregulated with psycho-stimulants.
Further, multiple sessions paired with cognitive training can prolong tDCS effects
for up to 12 months in healthy controls. We conducted the first study targeting the
rIFC with multi-session tDCS combined with cognitive training in ADHD children.
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© 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc.
