Multimedia Library
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on episodic memory
In the past decade, several studies have examined the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on long-term episodic memory formation and retrieval. These studies yielded conflicting results, likely due to differences in stimulation parameters, experimental design and outcome measures.Durability of antidepressant response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: Systematic review and meta-analysis
The therapeutic options for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) encompass a range of neuromodulatory techniques, including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). While rTMS is safe and has documented short-term efficacy, durability of antidepressant effects is poorly established.Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Improves Paretic Limb Force Production: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Hemiparesis is a common motor deficit post stroke. The affected side of the upper and lower extremities interferes with both unilateral and bilateral movements [1,2]. Typically, an inability to generate and modulate force production in paretic limbs causes movement control impairments such as compromised motor coordination, excessive movement variability, and motor dysfunctions evaluated by clinical assessments [3–5]. After experiencing a stroke, patients frequently show less magnitude of force production when executing actions on their paretic limb in comparison to their non-paretic limbs [6,7].A Systematic Review on the Acceptability and Tolerability of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Treatment in Neuropsychiatry Trials
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique based on the application of a weak, direct electric current over the scalp, thereby modifying brain activity and inducing neuroplasticity according to the montage of the apparatus and stimulation parameters [1]. This method has been increasingly used in the treatment of several psychiatric and neurologic disorders [2] as it presents appealing characteristics for use in clinical practice, such as ease of use, portability and low cost.A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Over the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Healthy and Neuropsychiatric Samples: Influence of Stimulation Parameters
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) technique that modulates spontaneous cortical activity using a low-intensity direct current (e.g. 1–2 mA) [1]. First studies evaluated tDCS effects over the motor cortex [2,3]; although more recent research has also focused on its effects over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), particularly to treat psychiatric disorders [4] and to modulate cognitive performance [5–8]. These cognitive results can be useful to predict treatment outcome.Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Physical Function and Motor Signs in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
The progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) results in functional disruption within the cortico-basal ganglia–thalamo-cortical motor circuit [1,2]. In particular, there is an excessive inhibition of thalamocortical projection to various cortical targets, including the primary motor cortex (M1), supplementary motor cortex (SMA) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) [2–4]. Abnormal neural activities in these cortical areas were evident in neuroimaging studies that showed hypo-activations of SMA and DLPFC [5].Endogenous Action Selection Processes in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Contribute to Sense of Agency: A Meta-Analysis of tDCS Studies of ‘Intentional Binding’
Performing a voluntary action that produces an intended outcome is accompanied by a characteristic subjective experience, referred to as ‘sense of agency’. Sense of agency is a fundamental feature of normal human mental life [1]. Indeed, many neurological and psychiatric disorders involve deficits in sense of agency [2], most notably the positive symptoms of schizophrenia [3].A Meta-analysis of the Cortical Silent Period in Epilepsies
The cortical silent period (CSP) following transcranial magnetic stimulation reflects GABAB-mediated inhibition in the primary motor cortex (M1) and could contribute to understand the pathophysiological substrates of epileptic conditions. Increased CSP duration has been reported in idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) and in partial epilepsy (PE) involving the M1, although other studies yielded discordant findings. We used meta-analysis to systematically assess the consistency of CSP changes in untreated patients with epilepsies.
